Resource Spotlight | Werner Forman Archive | Oceania

 

Taupo's headdress. The "Taupo" is usually the daughter of a chief and the headdress was worn when entertaining visitors. She was subject to total sexual restraint by the power of the 'taboo'. Country of Origin: Samoa, Polynesia. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: late 19th century. Material Size: Bleached hair, cane, shells. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / British Museum.

 
 
 

There is always a rush of excitement coupled with anticipation, and an inner sense of well-being, when approaching a low lying atoll, volcanic island, or looming land mass rising from the sea. Words such as 'refuge, enclave, shelter and sanctuary immediately come to mind. Yet, islands often tend to have limited natural resources and be ecologically fragile. Finding safe harbor on islands has always made me partial to them. For this feature, Art of the Ancestors presents images of artworks from three contiguous island groups that were categorized by Europeans based on the Greek word for islands (nisiá): the dark-skinned islands, small islands, and the place of many islands' — that we generically still refer to as Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Collectively known as Oceania, this area covers over one-third of the earth's surface and overlaps with with Indonesia, the land of "Indian islands".

Historically, some of humankind's most evocative and beautiful creations were once crafted in Oceania ranging from simple utilitarian items to masks and images of ancestors and deities fashioned from wood, bark cloth, tree pith, and intractable stone. Werner Forman photographed many of the most iconic artworks from this area, some of which are reproduced here. It's of especial note that his finest images gaze out between time and space. They are distant, but intimate, just like the islands that inspired their creation. His images from Indonesia and the Pacific evoke Werner's endless curiosity, and his ability to capture the emotive content and the fine details of an object. It is this focus, on many levels, that makes the subjects of his lens so accessible. We are fortunate to be able to share these images from Oceania from the Werner Forman Archive.

— Steven G. Alpert, founder of Art of the Ancestors

 
 

Werner Forman Archive

 

Werner Forman's life work was devoted to documenting in photographs the history, art, religion and customs of the great civilizations and tribal societies of the past. The archive has extensive collections of photographs of archaeological sites, architecture, evocative landscapes and art from the great museum and private collections of the world.

© Werner Forman Archive

© Werner Forman Archive

 
 
 

Selections from Werner Forman Archive

Oceania

 
 

Figural stopper from a flute (profile detail). Such flutes were restricted to members of the village men's society, and instruction in their use and symbolism was an important aspect of boys' initiation. Country of Origin: Papua New Guinea. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: Biwat people / 20th C. Place of Origin: Yuat River, Sepik region. Material Size: Wood, shells, h = 45.7 cms. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / Courtesy Entwistle Gallery, London.

Ceremonial dance shield with a human figure outlined in inlaid sections of nautilus shell. Material: Cane & mother-of-pearl shell. Date/Period: 19thC. Culture: Oceanic. Country: Solomon Islands Credit: Werner Forman Archive / Museum fur Volkerkunde, Vienna.

Detail of a carving from a men's meeting house. New Caledonian carving employed a complex form of split representation where details of the head are separated into flat segments and the rear of the head is spread out above the face. Country of Origin: New Caledonia. Material Size: Wood. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive/ Museum fur Volkerkunde, Vienna.

Figural stopper from a flute. Such flutes were restricted to members of the village men's society, and instruction in their use and symbolism was an important aspect of boys' initiation. Country of Origin: Papua New Guinea. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: Biwat people / 20th C. Place of Origin: Yuat River, Sepik region. Material Size: Wood, shells, h = 45.7 cms. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / Courtesy Entwistle Gallery, London.

Protective prow figure from a war canoe. It was believed that the bird would keep the boat on the right course, while the figure represents an ancestor spirit who would help the warriors to carry out a successful raid. Country of Origin: Solomon Islands. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: 19th C. Place of Origin: New Georgia island. Material Size: wood, inlaid with mother-of-pearl. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / Museum fur Volkerkunde, Basle, Switzerland.

A ceremonial dish, daveniyaqona, in the shape of a man. Used for the drinking of kava, a stimulant with medicinal properties, drunk by priests during trances and also poured as libation to the gods. Country of Origin: Fiji. Culture: Oceanic. Period/ Date: Early 19th C. Material Size: Fijian hardwood vesi, H=35,9 cm. Place of Origin: Viti Levu island Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / Barbier Mueller Musuem.

New Ireland mask (stripped of pigment) with snail operculae eyes. Papue New Guinea Location 01 Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive/ Private Collection. Courtesy Entwistle Gallery.

Roof finial post from a men's meeting house. New Caledonian carving employed a complex form of split representation where details of the head are separated into flat segments and the rear of the head is spread out above the face. Country of Origin: New Caledonia. Culture: Oceanic. Material Size: Wood. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / Private Collection.

Statue of a female deity (profile). Images of deities were known as dinonga eidu and were kept in culthouses. Carved wooden images as ritual objects are extremely rare in Micronesia. Country of Origin: Caroline Islands. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: 18th -19th C. Place of Origin: Nukuoro island. Material Size: Wood Height 40cm. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive

Small ivory tiki figure, probably a pendant. Country of Origin: Marquesas Islands. Culture: Oceanic. Material Size: Sea mammal ivory. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / Private Collection.

An ancestral figure known as a 'moai kavakava', emaciated man, worn hung onto its owner at dances and feasts. The more a man wore, sometimes as many as ten or twenty, the more likely were the gods to grant his requests. Country of Origin: Easter Island. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: 19th C. Material Size: Wood, h= 47cms. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / British Museum, London.

Taupo's headdress. The "Taupo" is usually the daughter of a chief and the headdress was worn when entertaining visitors. She was subject to total sexual restraint by the power of the 'taboo'. Country of Origin: Samoa, Polynesia. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: late 19th century. Material Size: Bleached hair, cane, shells. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / British Museum.

Head of the war god Kukailimoku, collected on his voyages by Captain Cook. It has a cane framework covered with red feathers attached to netting, mother of pearl eyes, and dog's teeth. Country of Origin: Hawaii. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: 18th C. Place of Origin: Hawaii. Material Size: see above. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / British Museum, London.

Unique sculpture representing Tangaroa, creator and sea god of Polynesia, in the act of creating the other gods and men, seen on the surface of his face and body. The hollow figure has a lidded opening at the back and once contained other small figures. Country of Origin: Austral Islands. Culture: Polynesia. Date/Period: 17th - 18th C. Place of Origin: Rurutu. Material Size: Wood, h= 112 cms. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / British Museum, London.

Statue of a female deity. Images of deities were known as dinonga eidu and were kept in culthouses. Carved wooden images as ritual objects are extremely rare in Micronesia. Country of Origin: Caroline Islands. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period: 18th -19th C. Place of Origin: Nukuoro island. Material Size: Wood Height 40cm. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive

Statue of Pele, the Hawaiian fire goddess, a malign force who lives in the crater of Kilauea volcano. Country of Origin: Hawaii. Culture: Polynesia. Date/Period: 17th - 18th C. Material Size: Wood, hair. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / British Museum, London.

In his journal Captain Cook recorded seeing this unique male figure in the mausoleum of the House of King Kaewe. Country of Origin: Hawaii. Culture: Oceanic. Date/Period:late 18th/early 19th C. Place of Origin: Honaunau. Material Size: Wood, mother of pearl shell, human hair and human teeth. Credit Line: Werner Forman Archive / British Museum, London.

"Moai" statue at Hanga Nui. Country of Origin: Easter Island. Place of Origin: Hanga Nui. Credit Line: N.J Saunders / Werner Forman Archive.

Moai statues, buried up to their necks by soil creep, on the slopes of the volcanic quarry Rano Raraku. Country of Origin: Easter Island. Place of Origin: Easter Island. Credit Line: N.J Saunders / Werner Forman Archive.

Petroglyphs of two men carved on stone slab, forming part of the foundations for the re-erected Moai platform at Anakena Bay. Country of Origin: Easter Island. Culture: Oceanic. Place of Origin: Easter Island. Credit Line: N.J Saunders / Werner Forman Archive.

"Bird-man" petroglyphs from the sacred village of Orongo. The "Bird-man" islands can be seen in the distance. The bird symbol was frequently used and it is thought to represent the political group, power, high social status and virility. Country of Origin: Easter Island. Place of Origin: Orongo. Credit Line: N.J Saunders / Werner Forman Archive.

A rei puta, a rare type of whale ivory pendant that was worn in the eighteenth century, North Island. | Inv. #: 55405033
© Werner Forman Archive/ National Museum of New Zealand, Wellington

Ngapuhi tribe burial chest. In the Northland region of the North island of New Zealand the bodies of important persons were exposed on platforms after death until the flesh had rotted away. Then the bones were cleaned, painted with red ochre and placed in a burial chest known as a waka tupapaku, (lit. the conveyance of one's canoe) before being placed inside of a cave. | Pre 1800. | Inv. #: 55405052
© Werner Forman Archive / National Museum of New Zealand, Wellington

Hei matau (fish hook) pendant made of nephrite jade that was given by a Ngapuhi Maori chief to a British captain in 1834. It combines the shape of a fish hook with that of a tiki figure. | 19th century | Inv. #: 55406968
© Werner Forman Archive / British Museum, London

Te Hau-Ki-Turanga meeting house, built by the Ngati Kaipoho tribe in 1842. This detail is the portrait figure of Raharuhi Rukupo, the chief responsible for organizing and directing the carving of this famous meeting house. The unique arrangement of each moko or tattoo allowed the subjects of a portrait sculpture to be identified. Manutuke. | Inv. #: 55404955
© Werner Forman Archive/ National Museum of New Zealand, Wellington

A tokipoutangata, or ceremonial chief's hafted adze that was used to invoke the gods while making the first ceremonial cuts on wood intended for a house carving or canoe. The adze's handle was a prominent symbol of each senior chief, generally being buried with him, while the heirloom nephrite jade blade was passed down. It would then be fitted with a new handle by its' inheritor. | 19th century | Inv. #: 55404988
© Werner Forman Archive / National Museum of New Zealand Wellington

Carved wooden human figure with inlaid metal eyes and human hair. Although it is probably a depiction of a recent ancestor it's precise function is unknown. | Pre-1820. | Inv. #: 55407000
© Werner Forman Archive / Courtesy of Entwistle Gallery, London.